Apparatus for actuating liquids.



R. GONRADER. APPARATUS ron IOTUATING LIQUIDS;4 APPLICATION FILED 001214, 1904.

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R. GONRADER.

APPARATUS FOR AOTUATING LIQUIDS. APPLICATION HLBD 001214, 1904.

979,746. f Patented 1390.211910.

3 SHEETS-BHBBT 2.

R. GUNRADBR. APPARATUS PoR AOTUATING LIQUIDS;

I APPLIOATION FILED QOT.14, 1904.

Patented Dec. 27, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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RUDOLPH CONRADER, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA.

APEARATUS FOR ACTUA'IING LIQUIDS.

tirarme.

Application 'tiled Getotier 14, 1904.

Specification of Letters Patent.

T 0 all 'whom it may concern.'

'Se :It known that 1, ltononrn: Connannn,

a citizen ot the United States, residing at llrie, in the county olf llrie and State ot Pennsylvania, have invented new and use'lful improvements in pparatuses 'tor Actuating l'iiqu'ids, o't which the 'followingl is a specitieation.

This invention relates to apparatuses 't'or actuating liquids, and consists in certain im provements in the constrraztion thereo't as will be hereinailfter tully described and pointed out in the claims.

-limong the objects ol. the invention may be stated the raising o'tg liquids :from wells such as oil wells with a` low Infessure and with as little mechanism in the well as is feasible. v

rlfhe invention contains in addition to this, many 'tentures which may be said to be included inthe objects olf the invei'ition.

rllhe invention is illustrated in the ac companying drawings as ilfollowsr-d liigure .l is a section on the line 1-1 in lfigsf 2, 3, 1.1-, 5, (3 and T, it being a vertical section through the lower part ot the pulnping mechanism. Fig. 2, is a section on the line LL--Q in Figs. 1. 3, 11, 5, (3 and 7. Fig. i, a section on the line El 3 in .lligs 1 and 2. Fig. llv is a section on the lines fl-flf in Figs. 1 and Fig. 5, a section on the line 5 in Figs. 1 and Q. Fig. t3, a section on the line t' t3 in Figs. 1 and 2. ltig. T, a section on the line 7-47 in Figs. 1 and 2. vFig. 8 is a section on the line tj-S in fifigs. t), 10, 11, 12 and 18. Fig. t) is a section on the line Sl---tl in Figs. S. 1t). l1, 1L and 15:3. Fig. l() is a seetionon the lineA ttl-W1() in Figs. S and t). Fig. .11. a section on the line 11----11 in t; t and t). Fig. 12, a section on the line 12J-l2 in liigs. S and tl. YFig. 13, a section on the line ill-l-l in VFigs. tu and (l. lttig. 111, a section on the line lll-@tft in Fig. 15. Fig. 15 is a side elevation partly in section the point ot view being trom the side ot li`ig. 111. AFig. 1 t3 is a plan view ol" the device. Fig. 1T, a section on the line 1.7-17 in Figs. l-'tand In the drawings Vlfligs. 14. S and 1 'term a section taken in the same plane trom the top oil? the apparatus to the bottom and Figs. 15. t) and 3 are sections taken at right angles tothe sections Yin ltigs. lil. S and l..

rlhe invention is shown as zulapted to all Artesian well, especially an oil well. The oil is admitted through the usual entrance tube or strainer A, passes througl'l a series olf cheek valves Al) into a pump chamber B. This pump chamber may be termed the primary pump chamber, although where that. term is used in the claims it may refer to some subsequent. chamber, the suliscqnent: chamber being' primary to some chamber above it. The cheek valves are arranged in the cages o. A multiple check of this character is desirable in most apparatuses o1 this kind, but it is peculiarly important. in connection with the scheme ot pumping herewith disclosed.

Wear the top ot' the chamber l which may be ol any desirable length but prejlerably about 1() 'leet is arranged a float '03. A strainer b2 prevents the passage o'tf dirt or grit to this lloat, and the valve controlled by it'. The float is arranged in the cage o* and carries on its upper end a valve This valve b5 is arranged to operate on a seat b and controls an escape or vent passage C. The lloat o is simply an inverted cup. Actuating fluid, ordimlrily air or gas is adniitted through a pipe D which extends to the top ot the well. lt passes through the passage directly under the lloat o so that; should the cup through any leakage or otherwise beeaime somewhat tilled with oil the air, coming Alrom the supply pipe, will pass into the cup thus restoring its buoyancy. A check valve d prevents the passage ol? oil into the supply pipe l). ()il is carried 'from the chamber ,l by a pipe l and conveyed to the secondary or storage chamber 1").

lhe main supply ol air comes to the well through a pipe 1). This ot course may be ol.z a greater or sliorter distance lrom the (annpressor, but ordinarily adjacent to a main. ',l`he air passes to a Valve chamber D* .1nd 'lrom the valve chamber l) to a con tracted passage 1)"L which wire draws the air and delivers to the chamber continuonslY a. small volume of air. 'l`he air passes through this contrat-,tml passage 1) by a` passage in the valve chamber to the pipe l).

'.lhe Ismall volume ol'v air passing through the contracted passage 1) passes down into the pump chamber lh then ont o'l'I the escape passage (l through the succeeding' chambers o'l the system and exhausts. 'lhe volume olf air delivered to the chamber in this way so small as eoml'iared with the outlet or means 'tor escape that no aln'n'eciable press'ure is developed in the chamber and the liquid therel'ore passes in ilreely. Then however the liquid reaches the top of the chamber, it acting upon the float cuts off the means of escape through the passage C. Through the continuous passage of actuating fluid to the chamber it soon accumulates and creates pressure and this pressure forces the liquid through the discharge pipe C, the liquid rising in said pipe as the pressure increases. The pressure on the valve b5 is suflicient to keep it seated after the liquid has fallen away from it. All the liquid may be expelled in thismanner from the chamber B, that is by actuating fluid passing through the restricted opening alone. I prefer however to hasten this by the following mechanism. (See Fig. M.)

The pipe D is connected by a pipe Dt with a valve chamber DG. A pipe DS passes from the chamber DL to the inlet end of this valve chamber'. A passage D7 connects the pipe DS with the chamber D, and a needle valve D18 controls this passage. The needle valve is actuated by a piston D9. The piston D is ordinarily forced forward in the chamber DG by a spring D10 and is normally closed by this spring. As the pressure however increasesr in the pipe D and consequently the pressure on the piston D9 is sufficient to overcome the force of the spring D10, the valve D1S is open, thus turning in a supply of actuating fluid. It will be noted also that this turning in of actuating fluid is automatically accom plished through the supply pipe, and specifically by the fiuid pressure in said pipe and that this mechanism is arranged at a point remote from the chamber. This is important in oil wells, in that it permits of the arrangement of mechanism without the well where it is accessible.

The Ichamber B is formed of the bottom through which the oil is introduced and ordinarily of a piece of tubing B which is screwed into the bottom E of the chamber E. The check valve c is preferably arranged in the pipe C. The device however might be operated without it.

The discharge pipe C discharges intothe chamber E preferably near its top. The chamber F. is ordinarily much longer than the chamber B. In ordinary practice it may be made 12() feet in length. It has its walls formed of tubing E2 the upper part of these walls being connected by a fitting the purpose of which will be hereinafter described. This extended length of chambers as indicated by the chambers B and E is particularly desirable in Artesian wells because it permits a comparatively uniform surface, so that the apparatus may be removed from wells which have caved in. This is not an uncommon thing in oil wells. The chamber is therefore made of considerable length so that it may extend above the point where this ordinarily occurs.

The escape pipe C passes 4through the bottom E and extends to near the top of the chamber E as is clearly shown in Fig. 2. After the charge from the primary chamber has been delivered to the storage chamber, the pressure of course continues until the pressure practically balances on the two chambers E and B. This immediately releases the valve b5 and connects the chambers through the passage C. The chamber E is provided with an escape passage F very similar in its function to the escape passage C, and it permits the escape of actuating fluid which is delivered through the pipe D, as it escapes through the pipe C, so that as soon as the charge has been delivered to the chamber E and the balancing pressure has taken place opening the valve b5, the pressure in the chamber B is immediately reduced to practically atmospheric pressure so as to permit of its refilling.

The escape pipe F is provided with the seat f on which is adapted to operate the valve e. The valve e is carried by the float e similar in construction to the float 3. This float is arranged in the cage e2. A bypass Z2 preferably leads from the pipe D to a passage cl3. A minute opening (Z4 forms a leak directly under the float e, the purpose of which is to assure the maintenance of air in the float.

Vhen the chamber E becomes filled the liquid operating upon the float e closes the valve e, thus cutting ofl1 the escape. This action of course is immediately following or during the .movement of a charge of liquid into the chamber E from the chamber B, so that the pressure which is forcing the discharge into the chamber E is not permitted to escape through the pipe F. If the discharge to the chamber E fills the chamber, so as to close the valve e in the middle of a charge from the chamber B, liquid will pass over the overflow afforded by the escape pipe C and return to the chamber B, and passing down this escape pipe will balance the pressure on the valve Zr", and it in consequence will drop. The actuating fluid will then pass through this escape pipe C from the chamber B to the chamber E and it will accomplish this with practically no diminution in the pressure, so that the valve D18 will remain open and actuating fluid will then force the liquid from the chamber E, the liquid passing through the pipe F past a check valve f. The arrangement permitting the overflow through the escape pipe and connection between the two chambers prevents the blocking of the apparatus where the charge from the chamber B is more than suflicient to lill the chamber E.

The chamber E acts a storage chamber and the liquid is carried from it to what may be termed the measuring chamber G.

The pipe F is connected with the bottom g of the chamber (il and the liquid is carried through the passage to a bypass f in the bottom, the bypass being connected with an upright The upper end o'l'f the upright is provided with a spreader which delleets the oil as it is discharged laterally, so that it lwill be thrown into engagement with the walls of the upright or the chamber and in running down these prevents serious agitation. The chanrber (l is ordinarily about itl() feet loiig, but is ordinarily smaller in diameter than the chamber It) so that only measured charges are taken trom the chamber lt). '.lhe escape pipe F `trom the chan'lber E connects with a bypass in the bottom 'f/ and extends through a passage in said bottom through a pipe lt7 and passage f7 in the bottom 'i ot the chamber l to the top o'tl the chamber (t.

[n the normal operation ot' the zq paratus tbe ebarge held in the storage chamber E is more than snllicient to .till the chamber ("r so that the chamber ("r has the 'tunction olf a mez'isuring chamber. As the liquid rises in the chamber (l, it acts upon a tloat g. This float. is similar in construction to the floats llereto'lore describeth and is arranged in the cage g2 and carries the valve f/f. This valve is adapted to operate upon a seat z, controlling the escape passage lll. These ape iassages ll duringl the tilting operation otl the primary chamber allow the escape et actuating lluid to pass through te it from the chambers below, so as to prevent any back pressure in the chamber l. The float r/ having been acted upon by the liquid closes the escape passage ll and imn'iediately thereafter there 'is a balancing of pressure in the chamber (land chamber ll. This bz'ilaneing o'lf pressure releases the valve c which after the falling ot the liquid from the lloat has been held to its seat by the air pressure. This balancing o t: pressure is etl'eeted b v the overflow ot liquid from the chamber (it, or i'li it is desired to prevent the direct action ol liquid on the valve, it may be accomplished by the trapping o't air above the escape pipe H.

It will be noted that to litt the liquid `trom the chamber B to the chamber ll does not require as high pressure as it does to li'tft the liquid ltrom the chamber ,lll to the chamber ti. lt is desirable to 'lacilital'e this latter movement by an additional supply et air and to accomplish this I provide the lollowing mechanism (see Fig. ist). A valve 1) is arranged to cover tbe passage 'trom the chamber D2 to the pipe l). This is -arried by the piston D. The piston D is actuated by the spring D1". When the pressure Vin the pipe D raiches a point higher than that necessary to open the valve l" `and higher `than that necessary to move a charge :trom the chamber B to the chamber ll1 the Valve Dl1 is opened, thus supplying a large volume ol actuating lluid l'or raising the liquid l'rom the chamber ll to lhc chamber (i. lt will be noted that there has been no escape ot air pressure 'rom the. time it went ou to talt'e the last charge trom the primary chamber to the chamlalr ll, the pressure continuing to li'lt the liquid l'rom the chamber IC to the chamber (t, and the escape valve ol the chamber tt being closed bel'ore the escape valve to the chamber ll is opened, the actuating lluid is trapped in the chamber tl and imnnaliately a'lter the balancing action above described and the opening otE the 'alve ci" begins the torcing action on the chamber (t. the li'lting action lt'rom the chamber l ceasing at this point. .llhus a measured charge olf liquid, a charge equal to the capacity ol' the chamber tl is started upwardly in the apparatus. bypass d preterably lalds to the pipe l) and this is connected with a passage d l'rom which there is a minute leahy dt, the purpose ol which is to assure the lillingl ot the lloal` f/ Awith air. 'the liquid is carried trom the chamber (it by a discharge passage /l through a pipe ll to a passage /l2 in the bottom zi olf the chamber l and passes by the bypass t, uprights /r to the chamber l. The upright /r is provided with the lateral openings /rS lor the same purpose as heretoi t'ore described in connection with the chamber (t. The chamber l is preferably about E20() Yl'ect longI and the same size as the 1n aisuring chamber tin The liquid rising in the chamber' Vl reaches a lloat 'l' and raising this lloat brings a valve 2 onto a seat ot the escape passage Ji. This escape passage is normally opened and the actuating' lluid discharged to the primary chamber and passing through the lower chambers as lu-reto'l'ore described during the filling movement ot liquid escapes through this passage. '.lhe passage also permits ol the escape olE air that would otherwise be trapped in the upper end ot this chamber by the rising liquid. A\s soon as this passage is closed the liquid or air trapped in the upper end ol. the chamber, acting through the passage /17` pipi` llg7 passage t, bypass /lf and passage ll balanccs the pressure on the valvc y pcrmitting thisl valve to drop. .\ctuating lluid however may lollow thc liquid through the discharge pipe ll. and actuating lluid may pass by both these ways to the chamber l. ',lhe pressure during this action remains continuous, so that both the valve 1) and the valve IW are open. 'lhe tloat in the chamber l ditl'crs trom that in the other chambers in that the cup is not inverted, but is open at the top, .so that pressure on its walls is balanced and the collapsing ot they float prevented. 'lhe cup operates over the outlet, passage J, so that in the :rtter movement ol.E the actuating lluid any liquid that may be deposited in the cup is carriedl A check valve j prevents the passage of liquid into the passage J and consequently the valve 2 is held to its seat after the liquid has fallen below it by the pressure of the actuating fluid. Vhen however the liquid has been discharged into the chamber K and there is in that chamber the blocking of the escape in the same manner as in the chamber I, the balancingl pressure above and below the valve 2 and valve jG through leakage permits the opening of the valv-e 2. The air however may follow the liquid through the pipe J. rThere is however in every case sufficient passage of4 air through the cup fioat z" to force out any liquid that may be deposited in it.

The chamber K is similar in construction and operation to that of the chamber l. It is provided with the float valve 7a2 and controlling escape passage L. The liquid is discharged through the fitting Z, pipe L, passage Z2, bypass Z2 in the bottom m of the chamber M and passes from the bypass Z3 to the upright Zt, spreaders Z5 to the chamber M. The chamber M is provided with the escape passage N on the bottom of which is the seat a. This is operated upon by the valve m2 carried by the float m. A check valve a2 closes the upper end of the escape passage N and the escape passage is connected by a bypass N2 with the discharge N from the apparatus. This chamber operates substantially the same as the prior chambers with the exception that when pressure is put upon the chamber M after it has been filled with liquid in the manner of the chambers heretofore described, actuating fluid delivered to the upper end of the chamber passes through a pipe D111 to the upper end of the chamber D2 thus balancing the pressure on the piston D12 so that th-e spring D13 may close thatvalve.

vIt also delivers actuating fluid by the bypass D15 to the under side of the chamber DG and there acting on the piston D9 balances the pressure on that piston so that the spring D10 may close the valve D18. The liquid is therefore expelled from the chamber M by the expansion of fluid from the apparatus. As soon as the liquid has passed through the pipe N the actuating fluit passes the bypass N2 and there is a balancing of pressure on the valve m2 so that the float drops in the manner heretofore described, and actuating fluid then passes both aref/4e by the escape pipe N and the pipe N in the further discharge of the liquid.

Any number of stages such as chambers I or K may be provided. It will be noted that while considerable charge may be lifted at each operation of the apparatus, at no place is there a column greater in length than the distance between the bottom of one of these chambers and the top of the succeeding chamber, so that a comparatively low pressure will operate the device.

The operation generally of the device may be described as follows: There is a continuous leak in the primary chamber and there are sufficient avenues of escape so that there is practically no back pressure in the primary chamber, so that it readily fills with liquid. As it is filled with liquid the escape of air is prevented and the pressure rising in the chamber eXpels the liquid from the chamber. This is preferably facilitated by turning in an added supply, the mechanism for accomplishing this being actuated by the rising pressure. Liquid is discharged from the lower chamber a number of times to lill the storage chamber'. lVith each pumping operation of this lower chamber which does not fill the storage chamber, the avenues of escape remain open so that immediately the charge has been carried through the pressure of the actuating fluid is so reduced as to permit a refilling of the pump chamber. After the filling of the storage chamber a charge of liquid is taken therefrom to the measuring chamber and as soon as the measuring chamber is filled the discharge action from the storage chamber' ceases and the pressure being exerted upon the measuring chamber carries the charge, from the measuring chamber by successive stages to the top of the well, the air pressure remaining on the apparatus during this time, and this raising act-ion is facilitated by opening a larger' supply connection, and this is accomplished by the added pressure necessary to raise the column from the storage chamber to the measuring chamber. The final discharge is accomplished by the expansion of the actuating fluid. Tn forming the storage chamber E, it is desirable to provide the coupling E3 so that the fitting containing the bypass Z2 may be put in place with the parts readily ac cessible. After this fitting is put in place and the other' parts put together the upper wall of the chamber is secured.

It will be noted that the passage DT must itself be somewhat restricted, otherwise the frictional resistance in the passage D and the eduction passes would be such as to prevent such a reduction of pressure as would effect the closing of the valve D1S after the liquid had been forced from the chamber B. This frictional resistance would so act on the valve D11 if it were not for the fact that this valve is closed by turning in the pressure tSO 079,746 tit to the pipe Dtx It will also be noted that the vents or le; ks d and (ZS peritorm an important 'tm'iction in the apparatus in addh tion to the l'unction hcreto't'ore described, that is the function ol. supplying the tloats with air or actuating lluid, so as to assure a continued buoyancy o't the lloat namely, l where the liquid in the well rises to a very high level, it will pass into the apparatus and so lill the chamber l and perhaps additional chambers as the chamber l1) and chamber G. it it has risen to the level oli the chamber tt there may not be sullicient air pressure available to li'tt the liquid from the chamber l through the chamber .E and out oit' the chamber ti. The leak da however will eltect a pumping action olf the chamber tt imlependently ot the lower chambers and as soon as this pressure is taken trom the lower chanibers a pumping action will talie place in the chamber l5 through the leali d, and atter this chamber is brought to normal7 the pumping will continue as heretofore described. .it will also be noted that the eduction tubes; as tor instance the eduction tube is very small in cross area as compared with the chamber B. l n order therefore to torce sutlieient; liquid 'trom the chamber l to malte any great diti'erence in its action on the tloat a fonsiderable column must be raised in the eduction tube C so that the pressure in the chamber rises very :tast as compared with the receding olf the liquid trom the tloat; thus assuring the seating ot' the valve through the pressure otE actuating tluid as the liquid withdrawn t'rom the chamber. This same action ot" course is present in the other chambers.

lt will be noted that the outlet :trom the series ot check valves into the chamber B is above the bottom o't' the eduction tube (5. ABy this arrangement any sand that may be passed into the chamber B with the liquid and settling to the bottom o't the chamber is carried out through the eduction tube and does not till up the chan'iber to a point where the sand will accumulate on the valve l).

l. ln an apparatus Yt'or actuating liquids; the combination oll a pumping chamber; a connection tor conveying actuating tluid to said chamber; means -tor conducting liquid to said chamber; means 'lor permitting the escape o'l actuating .t'luid as it is admitted during the tilting movement ot liquid; and means 'tor cutting otli' the escape ot" actuating 'luid to expel the liquid there'lirom,

in au apparatus `t'or actuating liquids; the con'ibimition ot' a pun'iping chan'iber; a connection Ytor conveving the actuating lluid continuously to said chamber; means l'or cenveving liquid to said chamber; means t'or permitting the escape el actuating Vtluid during the tilling n'iovement ot liquid; and

means tor cutting ott the escape otE actuating lluid to expel the liquid.

ES. in an apparatus lor acti'lating liquids, the combination ol a pump clnnnber; means `t'or conducting liquid to said chamber; means tor permitting the escape ol actuating tluid during a lilling movement ot liquid; mans 'lor ctultcyingI actuating lluid to said chamber in small volume during` the lilling movement o't liquid; and meansI tor cutting ollil the escape ot actuating lluid to expel the liquid.

Yt. ln an apparatus lor actuating liquids, the combination ot' a pump chamber; a connection for conveying actuating lluid to said chamber; said connection containing a restricted passage to restrict the passage ot actuating lluid through it; msans tor conveying liquid to said chamber; means -tor permitting the escape ot actuating lluid as it is admitted during the tilting movcnient of liquid; and means t'or cutting oli' the escape oit actuating lluid to expel the liquid therefrom.

.ln an a|q)a1 'atus 'tor actuating liquids; the combination ol a pump chambmf; a connection tor conveying actuating tluid to said chamber; means tor conducting liquid to Said chamber; means lor permitting the escape ot actuating lluid as it is admitted during the fillingl movement o't liquid; and means actuated by the liquid enteringl the chamber ltor cutting ott the es :ape ot actuating lluid to expel the liquid ilrom the chamber.

t3. ln an apparatus il'or actuating liquids, the combination et a pumping chamber; a connection tor conveying the actuating lluid continuously to said chamber; means ilor conveying liquid to said chamber; means lor permitting the escape ot' actuating fluid during the lilling movement oil liquid; and means actuated by the liquid entering the chamljier lor cutting ott' the escape ot actuating lluid to expel the liquid l'rom the chamber,

7. .ln an apliaratus l'or actuating liquids, the combination oll a pump chamber; means l'or conducting liquid to saidchamlar; means 'lor permitting the escape o'l actuating lluid during a tilling movement o'l liquid; means tor conveying actuating lluid in small volume during the tilting movement ol liquid; and means actuated by the liquid entering the chamber 't'or cutting` oll;l the escape ol actuating lluid to expel the liquid trom the chamber.

ln an al'iparatus lj'or actuating liquids, the eonibination ot a pump chamber; a con nection tor conveying actuating lluid to said chamber; means tor conveying liquid to said chamber; means lor permitting the escape o'tl actuating lluid as it is admitted to saidi chamber during the tilting movement of liquid; a valve controlling said means of escape; and a oat controlling said valve..

9. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; a connection for conveying actuating' fluid continuously to said chamber; means for conducting liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid during the filling movement of liquid; a valve controlling said means of escape; and a float controlling said valve.

10. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a pump chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber: a connection for conveying actuating fluid 'to said chamber: means for permitting the escape of' actuating' fluid as it is admitted during the filling' movement of the` liquid; means for cutting off the escape to expel the liquid from the chamber arranged to open the means of escape. after the expulsion of liquid.

11. In an apparatus for actuating liquids7 the combination of a pump chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; a connection for conveying actuating fluid con.

tinuou'sly to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating` fluid as it is admitted during the filling movement of' the liquid; means for cutting ofll the escape to expel the liquid from the chamberl arranged to open the means of escape after the expulsion of liquid.

12. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a pump chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; a connection for conveying actuating fluid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating' fluid as it is admitted during the filling movement of the liquid; and means actuated by the liquid entering the chamber for cutting' ofll the escape of' actuating' fluid to expel the liquid from the chamber.

13. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a pump chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; a con` nection for conveying actuating fluid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape ofl actuating fluid as it is admitted during the filling' movement of the liquid; a valve to close said means arranged to expel the liquid arranged to remain seated during the expulsion of the liquid and to open after the expulsion of liquid.

14. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination ot a pump chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; a connection for conveying' actuating fluid to said chamber: means for permitting the cape of actuating fluid as it is admitted during the filling movement of the liquid; a valve to close said means arranged to expel the liquid arranged to remain seated duringl the expulsion of the liquid and to open after the expulsion of liquid; and a float arranged to close said valve.

15. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; a connection for conveying actuating fluid to said chamber: means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid as it is admitted during thc filling` movement of the liquid; a valve to close said escape to expel the liquid; arranged to remain seated under the action of' pressure during the expulsion of liquid; and means for balancing the pressure on said valve after the expulsion of liquid from the chamber to open said valve.

1G. n an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a pump chamber; a connection for conveying actuating` fluid to said chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid as it is admitted to said chamber during the filling mov ment of' liquid; a valve controlling said means of escape; and a cup shaped float controlling said valve.

17. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; a connection :tor conveying actuating fluid to said chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid as it is admitted to said chamber during the filling movement of liquid; a valve controlling said means of escape; and an inverted cup shaped float controlling said valve. l

18. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of' a pump chamber; a connection for conveying actuating fluid to said chamber; means i'or conveying liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of' actuating` fluid as it is admitted to said chamber during the filling' movement of liquid; a valve controlling said means of` escape; and a cup shaped float controlling said valve; said float being arranged in the line of movement of actuating fluid.

19. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of' a pump chamber; a connection `for conveying actuating fluid to said chamber; means f'or conveying' liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid as it is admitted to said chamber during the filling movement of liquid; a valve controlling said means of escape; and an inverted cup shaped float controlling said valve; said float being arranged in the line of actuating fluid.

20. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; a connection for conveying actuating fluid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid. as it is admitted during the filling movement of' the liquid; a valve to close said means of escape to exavena@ pel the liquid, and ai'fa'nged to remain seated during the expulsion ot the liquid; a, cup shaped l'loat` .tor closing said valve; and means Vtor balancing the pressure on said \'al\'.x atfter the expulsion ot the liquid ltrom the chamber to open said ralte.

2l. ln an apparatus tor actuating liquids, the combination oit a pump chamber; a connection t'or conveying ,liquids to said chainber; Ymeans for coiiducting actuating lluid to said chamber; i1le\\'ices 'tor permitting the escape ot' actuating lluid as it is admitted, during the tilting movement ot the liquid; a cup shaped float t'or controlling said devices, said tloat being arranged in the line o'tE movement otactuating` lluid.

22. In an appa 'atus it'oi actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; a connection t'or conveying actuating lluid to said chamber; incans :t'or conducting liquid to Said chamber; a 'aire controlled escape tor -permittiiig the es tape oi actuating lluid trom said chamber; a cup shaped lloat controlling said esci pe, the parts being aranged and proportioned to maintain the valve in a closed position through the action ot' actuating lluid.

23. `ln an appa atus t'or actuating liquids, the combination o'tE a pump chambe a con nection At'or conveying actuating lluid to said chamber; means ,t'or conducting liquid to said chamber; a valve controlled escape 'for permitting thc escape ot actuating lluid 't'rom said chamber; an inverted cup shaped tioat controllingl said esc: pe,` the parts being arranged and primortioned to maintain the V'alve in a closed position through the action oli' actuating lluid.

24;. fin an apparatus .'t`o' actuating liquid, the on'ibination o'll a pump chamber; a counection for conveying actuatiiupj tiuid to said chamber;means tor permitting the escape ote actuating tluid as il is admitted duringl the tilling movement ot' liquid; means t'or cutting ollI the escape to expel the liquid; and means 'tor conveying liquid to said chamber comprising a plurality otL checli 'aires through which said liquid passes.

25. In an appa "atus fo actuating liquids, the combination oit a pump chamber; means 'for convejjfing a .liquid to said chamber; a connection t'or conducting actuating lluid to said chamber; and mechanism actuated through an increase in pressure in said connection :for turningl into said connection a supply of actuating lluid.

2b. In an appa 'atus 'lo actuating liquids, the coinbination of a pump chamber; means for conveying a liquid to said ifehamber; af connection 'for coi'iducting actuating lluid to said chamber; and mechanism actuated by fluid in said connection if'arying in pressure with the change ot the liquid level in the pump chamber for turning into said connection a supply Ot' actuating lluid.

ln an apparatus `for actuating liquids, the con'ibination ot a pump chamber; a connection lor conveying an actuating lluid to said chamber; means 'tor conductingl liquid to said chamber; means tor permittingl the esc: pe otf actuating lluid as it is admitted during the tilling iiioreinent olf liquid; mains tor cutting oll the escape to expel the liquid theretrom; and mechanism actie ated b the increase oi pressure incident to the cutting ott' oi said escape for turning` a supplyl ol actuating 4lluid into said chanibei'.

2b. .ln an apparatus l'or actuatingl liquids, the combination ot.: a pump chamber; a connection 'toi' centering an actuating lluid to said chamber; means tor conducting liquid to said chamber; means l'or permittingl the escape ot actuating lluid as it', is admitted during thc lilliiig movement ot liquid; means 'tor cutting otlI the escape to expel thc liquid thei'elirom; and mechanism actie ated by the increase oil pressure incident to the cutting oll` olf said escape tj`or turning a supply ot. actuating tluid through lsaid connection into said chamber.

2). In an apljiai'atus tor actuatingI liquids, the combination o'l a pump chambe a connection lor conveying an actuating` lluid to said chamber; means tor conducting liquid to said chamber; means rlor permitting the escape ot actuating lluid as it is admitted during the lilling movement o't liquid; means ifoi' cutting oli thc escape to expel the liquid thcrel'rom; mechanism actuated by tho increase ot pressure incident to the cutting otll ot said escape tor turning a supply ot actuating thiid into said chamber; and in aus tor openingl said mains ot esaipc aiter the expulsion olf liquid from said chamber.

tt). l'n an apparatus to.' actuating liquids, the combination olf a pimip chamber; a connection for conveying an actuatii'ig lluid to said chamber; means `for conducting liquid to said chamber; means t'or permit'- ting the escape ot actuating ttuid as it is admitted during the tilling movement ot liquid; means tor cutting oill the escape, to expel the liquid therefrom; mcchai'iisin actuated by the increase oli pressure incident to the cutting' ott' ol said escape jtor turning a supply ol actuating [luid through said connection into said chamber; and means :tor opening said in ans o'li escape attcr thc expulsion o'l liquid 'trom said chamber.

31. ln an apparatus 'to' actuating tluids, the combination ot a pump chamber; a counection tor conveying actuating lluid continuously to .said chamber; means `toi' conveying liquid to said chamber; means 'tor permitting the escape of actuating lluid during the .filling movenicnt ot" the liquid; in `aus :t'or cutting o'tlI the escape to expel the liquid; and means for admitting an added supply of' actuating fluid during the expulsion of liquid.

32. In an apparatus for actuating liquids7 the combination of a pump chamber; a connection for conveying actuating fluid continuously to said chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid during the filling movement of the liquid; means for cutting off the escape to expel the liquid; means for admitting an added supply of actuating fluid during the expulsion of liquid; and means for opening said means of escape after the expulsion of liquid.

33. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; means for conducting liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid during a filling movement of liquid; means for conveying to said chamber actuating fluid in small volume during h the filling movement of the liquid; means for cutting off the actuating fluid to expel the liquid; and means for admitting an additional supply of actuating fluid during the expelling movement.

34. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; a connection for conveying the actuating fluid continuously to said chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid during the filling movement of liquid; means for cutting off the escape to expel the liquid; and mechanism actuated by the increase of pressure incident to the cutting off of said escape for turning a supply of actuating fluid into said chamber.

35. In an apparatus for actuating` liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; a connection for conveying the actuating fluid continuously to said chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid during the filling movement of liquid; means for cutting oft" the escape to expel the liquid; mechanism actuated by the increase of pressure incidentto the cutting off of said escape for turning a supply of actuating fluid into said chamber; and means for opening said means of escape after the expulsion of liquid.

36. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a pump chamber; means for conveying a liquid to said chamber; a connection for conducting actuating fluid to said chamber; and mechanism located at a point remote from said pump chamber and actuated through an increase in pressure in said connection for turning into said connection a supply of actuating fluid.

3T. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; means for conveying a liquid to said chamber; a

connection for conducting actuating fluid to said chamber; and mechanism located at al point remote from said chamber and actuated by fluid'in said connection varying in pressure With the change of the liquid level in the pump chamber for turning into said connection a supply of' actuating fluid..

3S. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a pump chamber; a connection for conveying' an actuating fluid to said chamber; means for conducting liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid as it is admitted during the filling movement of liquid; means for cutting` off the escape to expel the liquid therefrom; and mechanism located at a point remote from said chamber and actuated by the increase of' pressure incident to the cutting off of said escape for turning lq supply of actuating fluid into said cham- 39. In an apparatus for actuating liquids;

the combination of a pump chamber; mean`A for conducting liquid to said chamber; means for conveying actuating fluid to said chamber; means comprising a restricted passage to wiredraiv the actuating fluid; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid as it is admitted during the filling movement of the actuated fluid; means for cutting off the escape to expel the liquid; and mechanism located at a point remote from said chamber for turning in a supply of' actuating fluid after the cutting off of the escape.

40. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; the connection D for supplying actuating fluid to said chamber; the restricted passage D3 through which the actuating fluid passes to said connection; means of escape C from said chamber; and a float controlled valve Zr" for closing said escape as the liquid rises in said chamber.

ell. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; the connection D for supplying actuating fluid to said chamber; the restricted passage D3 through which the actuating fluid passes to said connection; means of escape C from said chamber; a float controlled valve b5 for closing said escape as the liquid rises in said chamber; the secondary valve D18; a motor for controlling said valve; the connection D4 between the motor and the connection D, said motor being arranged to operate to open the valve on the increase of pressure in the connection D incident to the closing of the escape; and the connection D7 controlled by the valve D1S and arranged to convey actuating fluid to the connection Dt and D when the valve D1S is ooen.

42. In an apparatus or actuating liquids7 the combination of a pump chamber; the escape C therefrom; the float controlled Valve controlling said means ot escape; the pipe D forming a connection for actuating liluiid; the supplemental supply pipe Dt; a valve D controlling the connection to the siqipleinental supply; a motor controlling the valve D, said motor being subjected to the pressure oit the connection i) and operating only at'ter 'the closing oft said escape.

itil. ln an apparatus 'tor actuating liquids, the combiiiation with a pump chamber; means t'or conveying liquid into said chainbcr; a coiniection tor conveying actuating tluid to said chamber; a secondary chambei.' into which the liquid is pumped; and a connection between said chaniliers tfor permitting an overtlow to said pump chamber when a charge exceeds the caliacity o'tI the secondary chamber.

i-ft. ln an apparatus itor actuating liquids, the combination with a pump chamber; means 'tor conveying liquid into said chamber; a connection it'or conveying actuatii'ig fluid to said chamber; a secondary chamber into which the liquid is pumped; and a connection normally carrying` the actuating lluids between said chambers 'tor permitting an overflow to said pump chamber when a clmi'gc exceeds the capacity ot' the secondary chamber.

itin an apparatus tor actuating liquids; the combination ot a pump chamber; a connection tor con'ii'eying actuating tluid to said. chaniber; means 'l'or conveying liquid to said chamber; means tor perniitting the escape ot` actuating fluid during the tilling movement oit liquid; means tor cuttingott' the escape to expel the liquid Vtheretrom; and a seconda ry chamber into which the liquid is pumped from the pump chamber, the secondary chamber being connected with said means ol escape, and said means ot esca pe 'Forming an actuatingrg lluid connection between said chan'ibers.

-ft-t. in an apparatus tor actuating liquids, the combination ot a pump chamber; a, connection jtor conveying actuating tluid to said chanil'ier; means tior conducting liquid to said chamber; means t'or permitting the escape ot' actuating tluid as it is admitted during the lillingl movement ot liquid; means tor cutting ott the escape to expel the liquid theretrom; a seranulary chamber into which liquid is pumped; a connection 'trom the top ot said secondary chamber leading to said means ot escape and pern'iitting an overtlow trom said secondaijy chamber when the charge is excessive.

it?. ln an apparatus 'tor actuating liquids; the combination ot' a pump chamber; a connection 'tor conveying actuating lluid to lsaid chaniber; means t'or conveying liquid to said chamber; i'neans tor permitting the escape ot actuating [iiiid during the lilling niovement ot liquid; means 'tor cutting 011' the escape to expel the liquid therefrom; and a secondary chamber into which the liquid is pumped trom the pump chamber, the sccondary chamber being connected with said means ot escape and said means ot escape ti'orming an actuating lhiid connection between said chambersA and a means i'or pci'- mitting an overtlow when the charge :trom the pump chamber to the secondary chamber is excessive.

48. lin an apparatus tor actuating liquids, the :ombination ot a pumping chamber; a connection for conveying actuating tluid to said chiunber; means for coiulucting liquid to said chamber; means tior permitting the escape ot actuating lluid as it is admitted during the tilling movement o'l.l liquid; a valve n'ieclianism contri'illing said means oit escape; a secondary chamber into which liquid is pumped, said chamber being connected with said means oit escape, and itorming a connection 'tor opening said valve mechanism.

Lit). ln an apparatus 'for actuating liquids, the conibination ot a pump chamber; a connection for conveying actuating [luid to said chamber; means 'tor comlucting liquid t0 said chamber; means YFor permitting the escape ot actuating [luid as it is admitted during the tilling movement ot liquid; a valve mechanism controlling said means ot escape; a secondary chamber into which liquid is pumped7 said chamber being connected with said means o't escape, and :toi-ming a connection for balancing through said means of escape the pressure on the valve to open said valve.

50. 'ln an apparatus lier actuating liquids, the combination ot a pump chamber; a connection 'lfor conveying actuating [luid to said chan'ibcr; means tor coiulucting liquid to said chamber; means `t'or permitting the escape ot' actuating lluid as it is admitted during the filling movement ot liquid; a valve mechanism controlling said means of escape; a secondary chamber into which liquid is pumped; said chamber being connected with said means ot escape, and 'l`orining a connection tor opening said valve, said means ot escape being arranged to talce the overllow t'rom the sccont'lary chamber to the pump chamber when a charge more than sutlicient to till said secondary chamber is pumped into it.

nl. ln an apparatus `tor actuating liquids, the combination ot' a pump chamber; a connection itor conveying actuating lluid to said chamber; means Ylior conducting liquid to said chamber; means tor permitting the escape ot actuating [luid as it is admitted during the filling movement ot liquid; a valve mechanism controlling said escape; a secondary chamber into which liquid is pumped said chamber being connected with said means of escape and forming a connection for opening said valve; and a float for closing said valve as the chamber is filled.

52. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; a connection for conveying the actuating fluid continuously to said chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; means for permitting' the escape of actuating fluid during the filling movement of liquid; means for cutting off the escape to expel the liquid; and a secondary chamber into which the liquid is pumped said secondary chamber being connected with said means of' escape and said means of escape forming an actuating fluid connection between said chambers.

In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; a connection for conveying the actuating fluid continuously to said chamber; means for conveying liquid to said chamber; means for permitting the escape ofl actuating fluid during the filling movement of liquid; a valve mechanism controlling said escape; a float controlling said valve; and a secondary chamber into which said liquid is pumped, said chamber being connected with said means of escape and forming a connection to open said valve.

54. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of' the pump chambers B and E; the liquid connection C between them; the connection C extending to the upper end of the chamber E and forming a means of escape for the chamber B; a connection l) for supplying actuating fluid continuously to the chamber B; a valve b5 controlling` the passage C; and the float 3 controlling the valve of.

55. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a pump chamber; the escape C therefrom; the fioat controlled valve controlling said means of escape; the pipe D forming a connection for actuating fluid; the supplemental supply D1; a valve D18 controlling the connection to the supplemental supply; a secondary chamber intol which the liquid is pumped; said secondary chamber having a capacity to receive a plurality of charges from the pump chamber.

5G. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination with a pump chamber; means for conveying liquid into said chamber; a secondary chamber into which the liquid is pumped7 means for supplying actuating fiuid to the pump chamber; a connection normally carrying the actuating fluid from the pump chamber to the secondary chamber forming a connection between said chambers for permitting an overflow to said pump chamber when a charge exceeds the capacity of the secondary chamber; said secondary chamber having a capacity to receive a plurality of charges from the pump chamber.

57. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber connected therewith; means for conducting liquid to the primary chamber and from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber; connections ffor supplying actuating fluid to said secondary chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid from said secondary chamber until filled; and means for cutting off' the escape to expel the liquid.

58. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary nimp chamber connected therewith, said secondary chamber having a capacity to receive a plurality of charges from the primary pump chamber; means for conducting liquid to the primary chamber and from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber; connections for supplying actuating fluid to said secondary chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid from said secondary chamber until filled; and means for cutting off the escape to expel the liquid.

59. In an apparatus for actuating liquid, the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber connected therewith; means for conducting liquid to the primary chamber and from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber; Vconnections for supplying actuating fluid to said secondary chamber; means for permitting the escape ofl actuating fluid from said secondary chamber until filled; and means actuated by the liquid entering the secondary chamber for cutting off the escape to expel the liquid from said secondary chamber.

60. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a primary pump chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid from said chamber during the filling movement of liquid; means for supplying actuating fiuid to said chamber; means for cutting off said means oi escape to expel the liquid from said chamber; a secondary chamber into which said liquid is expelled; means of escape for actuating fluid from said secondary chamber; and means for cutting off' said means of escape from the secondary chamber for expelling the liquid therefrom. i

61. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a primary pump chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid from said chamber during' the filling movement of liquid; means foi1` supplying` actuating' fluid to said chamber; means for cutting off said means of escape to expel the liquid from said chamber; secondary chamber into which said liquid is expelled; means of escape for actuating fluid from said secondary chamber; means for cutting off said means of escape from the secondary chamber for expelling the liquid therefrom; and a connection between the means ot escape oit the primary chamber and Said secondary chamber.

(S2. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, l the combination ot' a primary pump chamber; means for perinitting the escape ot actuating fluid from said, chamber during the filling movement of liquid; .means t'or sup-- plying actuating fluid contimionsly to said chamber; means for cutting oftl said means oit escape to expel the liquid t'rom said chamber; a secondary chamber' into which said liquid is expelled; means of escape for actuating' fluid from said secondary chamber; means 'for cutting o'tll said means oit escape trom the secomlary chamber :tor expelling the liquid therefrom.

In an apparatus to actuating liquids, the combination oit' a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber connected therewith; means t'or conducting liquid to the primary chamber and from the primary chamber to the secomilary chamber; connections 'for supplying actuating fluid to said secondary chamber; means` l'or iviermitting the escape oit actuating 'fluid -troni said secondary chamber until filled: a valve a1'- ranged to close raid .means ot` escape to expel the liquid from said secondary chamber, and arranged to open a't'ter the expulsion o't the liquid from said secondarychamber.

Git. In an apparatus it'or actuating liquids, the combination of a lnimary clunnber; mians t'or supplying actuating `fluid thereto; means it'or permitting the escape ot actuating fluid therefrom; a valve controlling said nleans o't' escape to close said means ot escape to expel the liquid lrom said chamber and to open at'ter the expulsion ol said liquid to permit the entering ot' a :fresh supply of' liquid; a secondary chalnber into which said liquid is expelled; means ot escape Afor actuating fluid during the filling movement lrom the secomlarychan'iber; means l'orsnlqilying actuating fluid to said secomlary chamber; a valve controlling the means ot' escape a1'- ranged to close said means ot esc: pe to ex pel the liquid t'ron'l said chamber and to open at'ter the expulsion of the liquid.

(i5. ln an apparatus ttor actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamberl connected therewith; means 'lor conducting liquid to the primary chan'ibe and lrom the primary chamber to the secondary chamber: connections f'or supplying actuating fluid to said secondary chamber; means for permitting' the escape oit actuating fluid from said secondary chamber until filled; a valve lor closing said means oit' escape. said valve arranged to remain seated duringl the expnlsion ot the liquid through the action of pressure of the actuating `fluid and to open a't'ter the expulsion o't' liquid; and a Vfloat 'tor closing said valve.

lil ff.

tt. In an appar: tus f'or actuating' liquidsJ the combination o't a primary pump cham ber;'1neans :lor snpl'ilying actuating fluid thereto; means l'or permitting' the escape ot actuating fluid therefrom during the filling movement ol liquid to said chamber; a valve controlling paid 1n ans olf es sape, said valve being arranged to remain seated during the expulsion ot thc liquid through the action ot pressure ot the actuating fluid; a float 'for closing said Valve; a secondary chamber' into which the liquid is expelled; a connection between said means ofV escape and said secondary chamber; a liquid connection between said primary and secom'laiy chambers; means ilor permitting the escape of actuating fluid through the secondary chamber; a Valve l'or controlling said means ot escape :lrom the secondary chamber, said valve being arranged to remain seated through the action of actuating fluid during the expulsion ol liquid and to open a'l'ter the expulsion ol liquid: and a float in the secondary chamber 'tor closing the valve controlling means ol escape lfrom the secondary chamber.

(57. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids; the coinbination o'l the pump chamber P) having the connection tor permitting the escape o't actuating' fluid C; a connection D lor supplying actuating fluid; the valve o5 controlling the connection (l; the float; L controlling the valve o5; a secondary chamber fll; a liquid connection (l between said chambers; a connection ln 'tor permitting the escape of actuating fluid l'rom the chamber F; the valve e controlling said means ol escape; the float r Vlor actuating the valve; and the connection (l extcmling to the top ot the chamber lf).

(3S. In an apparatusI tor actuating liquids7 the con'ibination ol" a pump chamber elongated iu a vertical direction and arranged to have liquid expelled from it by the direct action ol" actuating fluid upon the liquid; means lor delivering liquid lo said chamber nair its top in a direction to brine' said liquid into contact with surfaces leading toward the bottom olE the chamber to ln'event an unretarded drop oll liquid to the level ot. liquid in the chamber.

f'ifl. ln an apparatus 'lor actuating liquids, the combination ol a primary pump cham ber; a secomlary pump chamber arranged to receive successive charges through a liq uid connection from the primary chamber and then to be discharged: connections :lor conveying actuating fluid to said primary chambe' and 'from the primary chamber to the secomlarychamber` independently o'l' the liquid connection; and means 'lor automatically discharging said chambers as they hccome filled through the action ote th actuating` fluid.

70. Tn an apparatus lor actuating liquids,

cro

the combination of a primary pump chainber; secondary pump chamber arranged to receive successivo charges through a liquid connection from the primary chamber and hen to be discharged; connections for conveying actuating fluid to said primary chamber and from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber; independently of the liquid connection; means for automatically discharging said chambers as they become filled through the action of the actuating fluid; and mechanism actuated through said actuating fluid connection for turning in an added supply during the expulsion of liquid.

71. ln an apparatus .for actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber arranged to receive successive charges through a liquid connection from the primaiy chamber and then to be discharged: connections for conveying actuating fluid to said primary chamber and from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber; independently of the liquid connection; means for automatically discharging said chambers as they become filled through the action of the actuating fluid; and mechanism actuated by fluid in said connection for conveying actuating fluid to the primary chamber for turning into said connection a supply of actuating fluid.

72. 1n an apparatus for actuating liquids; y

the combination of a primary pump chamber; a connection for conveying actuating` `fluid to said chamber; means of escape from said chamber to a secondary chamber; said secondary chamber; a liquid connection between said primary chamber and said sec ondary chamber; means for cutting ofin said escape to expel the liquid from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber; means for opening said means of escape upon the filling of the secondary chamber and delivering the actuating fluid active4 in the cxpulsion of liquid from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber to said means of escape.

73. 1n an apparatus for actuating liquidsJ the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber connected therewith; means for conducting liquid to the primary chamber and from the primary chamber to they secondary chamber; comite` tions for supplying actuating fluid to said secondary chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid from said secondary chamber until filled; means for cutting off the escape to expel the liquid; and mechanism acting through the connection for supplying actuating fluid to said secondary chamber for turning in an added supply of actuating fluid.

74. In an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber connected eraf/ie therewith; means for conducting liquid to the primary chamber and from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber; connections for supplying actuating fluid to said secondary chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid from said sec ondary chamber until filled; means for cutting oliq the escape to expel the liquid; and mechanism nection for supplying actuating fluid f'or turning in an added supply of actuating fluid during the expulsion of liquid from said secondary chamber.

T5. 1n an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary chamber into which liquid is pumped from the primary chamber; connections for conveying actuating fluid to said secondary chamber; means of escape from said secondary chamber; means for cutting ofi" said means of escape to expel the liquid from said secondary chamber; and mechanism actuated by the pressure in said chamber after the cutting ofl3 of the escape for turning in an added supply of actuating fluid.

7G. 1n an apparatus for actuating` liquids; the combination of a primary pump chamber; the actuating fluid connection D; the restricted passage D3 leading to said connection; the escape C leading from the pri mary chamber to the secondary chamber E; the liquid connection C between said chambers; the valve D13; mechanism for actuating said Valve to open the same through the pressure incident to lifting the column through the connection C; the lift from the secondary chamber; g the Valve D11; and mechanism for actuating said Valve D11 through the pressure on the connection D incident to raising liquid through the lift from the secondary chamber.

T7. 1n an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a primary pump chamber; the actuating fluid connection D; the restricted passage D1 leading to said connection; the escape C leading from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber E; the liquid connection C between said chambers; the yalye D18; mechanism for actuating said valve to open the same through the pressure incident to lifting the column through the connection C; the lift from the secondary chamber E; the valve D11; and mechanism for actuating said valveV D11 through the pressure on the connection D incident to raising liquid through the lift from the secondary chamber7 said valves D1S and D11 being located at a point remote from said chambers.

78. 1n an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination of a primary pump chamber; means for conducting liquid into said chamber; a secondary pump chamber; a liquid connection between said chambers; means for supplying actuating fluid t said actuated by fluid in the con- Cia chambers; means lor permittingr the escape the combinatit'm of a primary pump chamo't actuating tluid 'trom said secondarychamn y ber; means tor conducting llquld into Said ber; n'ieans :tor cutting' oll said means ot escape as the seconda ry chamber becomes tilled to expel the liquid therefrom; and a con nection between the chambers to permit an orerllow :trom the secondtn'y to the primary chamber when a charge more than sullicient Vto lill the sectmdary chamber is delivered to it.

Tt). ln an apparatus ilor actuating liquids.y the combination ot a primary pmnp chamber; means ilior com'lucting liquid into said chamber: a ,secondary pump chamber; a liquid connection between said chambers: means 'tor supplying actuz'iting tluid to said chambers. the secmidary chamber being Supplied through the primary chaml'wr; means lor permittingl the escape ot' actuating` [luid from said secondary chamber; Inans 'tor cutting olil said means ot escape as the secondary chamber becomes t'illed to expel the liquid thereilirom; and a (.connection between the chambers to permit an overflow from the secondary to the primary chamber when a charge more than sullicient to lill the secs onda ry chamber is (flelivered to it.

St). ln an appart tus tor actuating` liquidslthe combination ot a primary pump chamber; mains tor conducting liquid in said chandler: a secondary pump chamber; a liquid connection between said chambers; mans Vl'or supplying actuating (luid to the primary chamber; an actuating` lluid connection between said chan'lbers; means tor the escape ot actuating fluid from the secondary chamber: and means actuated by the liquid entering the secondary chamber t'er cutting' ott' said means ot escape to expel the liquid there'lrom; an actuating 'lluid eonnection between said chambers :lorming an overflow trom the secomlary to the primary chamber: and m sans lor stopping the pumping action Ylrem the primary to the secondary chamber when the secondary chamber is Filled.

Sl. lfn an appa 'atus for actuating liquids. the eombirntl'itm ot' a prin'iary pump cham ber; means ltor conducting liquid into said chamber; a staannlary pump chamber; a liquid connettion between said chambers: means lor supplying actuating l'luid to said chanibers: means tor permitting the escape olf actuatingl tluid 'trom said secondary chamber; means tor cutting ott said means otl eseap e as the secondary chamber becomes tilted to expel the liquid therefrom; a connection between the chambers to permit an overflow t'rom the secondary to the primary chamber when a charge more than sullicient to lill the secondary chamber is delivered to it: and mechanism :tor opening said means otr escape a'tter the expulsion ot liquid Atrom .said seconfflary chamber.

SQ. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids,

chamber; a secomlary pump chamber; a liquid connection between said chambers; means tor supplying actuating lluid to said chambers; means tor permittingthe escape ot actuating tluid trom said secondary chamber; means :For cutting ottl said means ot' escape as the secondary chamber becomes titled to expel the liquid therefrom; a connection between the chambers to permit an oyerllow jlrom the secondary to the primary chamber when a charge more than sullicient to lill the secondary chamber delivered to it; and mechanism t`or turning on a supply during the expulsion ol liquid :trom said secondary chamber; and devices for opening the means ot escape trom said secondary chambe and closing .said added supply a'lter the expulsion ol. liquid thereilrom.

8?). ln an apparatus lier actuating fluids, the colnbination ol a primary pump cl1amber; a secondary pump chamber; a liquid connection ttor conveying liquid :trom the primary chamber to the secondary chamber; an actuating [luid connection between Said chambersI independent otl the liquid connection; means lt'or controlling Isaid ctmneetions to torce the liquid lrom the primary to the secondary chambe' and lrom the secondary chamber by actuating lluid delivered to the primary chamber.

Sl. ln an apparatus` lor actuating liquids; the combination ol' a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber; a liquid connection for conveying liquid from the primary chamber to the secondary pump chan'lber; an actuating [luid connection between said chambers; means Ylor closing` said actuating lluid connection during the expulsion otliquid trom the primary chamber and opening said connection during the eX- pulsion olf lluid trom the stazoudary chamber; and means l'or supplying actuating lluid to the ln'imary chamber during the expulsion ol liquid 'trom the secondary chamber.

S5. ln an apparatus t'o t' actuating liquids, the combination olE a primar)1 pump chamber; a series olf pump chambers above the primary pump chamber; a liquid connection between said chambers; an imlependent [luid connection between said ehambe s; means Ator controlling said independent fluid connections lo discharge liquid Ytrom said chambers successively by a lollowing action oit the actuated lluid through the litts, the actuating` lluid being delivered through the primary chamber and through said indiqjiendcnt actuating lluid connections.

St. ln an appa atus lor actuating liquids, the combination ol. a primary pump chamber; a sccolulary pump chamber; a liquid connection lor conveying liquid :from the primary to the secondary pump chamber; an

actua-ting fluid connection between said chambers; means controlling said connections to force the liquid from the primary to the secondary chamber and from the secondary chamber by actuating fluid delivered to the primary chamber; means for supply ing actuating fluid to the primary chamber continuously, said actuating fluid escaping through the secondary chamber during the lling action of' the primary chamber.

87. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber; a liquid connection for conveying liquid from the primary to the secondary pump chamber; an actuated fluid connection between said chambers; means controlling said connections to force the liquid from the primary to the secondary chamber and from the secondary chamber by actuating fluid delivered to the primary chamber; means for supplying actuating` fluid to the primary chamber continuously, said actuating fluid escaping through the secondary chamber during the filling' action of the primary chamber; and

mechanism for automatically increasing the supply of actuating fluid during the expelling movement.

8S. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump chamber ay secondary pump chamber a liquid connection for conveying liquid from the primary to the secondary pump chamber; an actuated fluid connection between said chambers means controlling .aid connections to force the liquid from the primary to the secondary chamber and from the secondary chamber by actuating fluid delivered to the primary chamber; means for supplying actuating fluid to the primary chamber continuously,

said actuating fluid escaping through the secondary chamber during the filling act-ion of the primary chamber; and mechanism for increasing the supply of actuating fluid during the expulsion of liquid from the primary chamber and further increasing the supply during the expulsion of liquid from the secondary chamber.

89. In an apparatus for actuating liquids,

'the combination of a. primary pump chamber; a series of pump chambers through which liquid is carried successively from the primary pump chamber; independent actuating fluid connections between said chambers; means for controlling said connections to force the liquid from the primary chamber through the lchambers successively by actuating fluid delivered to the primary chamber; means for supplying actuating fluid to the primary chamber, the actuating fluid connection between the chambers being arranged to permit the escape of actuating fluid from the primary chamber through said successive chambers during the filling movement of liquid to the primary chamber.

90. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump cha1nber; a plurality of pump chambers into which liquid is pumped successively from the primary pump chamber; means for supplying the primary pump chamber continuously with actuating fluid; means for adding to the volume of actuating fluid during the expelling movement, said means being arranged to maintain this added supply during the expulsion ofl liquid through the succcssive chambers.

91. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump chamber; a plurality of pump chambers into which liquid is pumped successively from the primary pump chamber; means for supplying the primary pumpl chamber continuously with actuating fluid; means for adding to the volume of actuating fluid during thevexpelling movement, said means being arranged to maintain this added supply during the expulsion of liquid through the successive chambers, said mechanism being arranged at a point remote from said primary chamber.

92. In an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of. a first pump chamber; a succeeding pump chamber into which the liquid is pumped from the first pump chamber, the succeeding chamber being smaller than the first pump chamber; means for stopping the pumping action from the first to the succeeding' pump chamber when the succeeding pump chamber becomes filled; and means for expelling'the liquid from the succeeding pump chamber, the pumping action in said chambers being effected by the direct action of an actuating fluid upon the liquid.

93, ln an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a first pump chamber: a succeeding pump chamber into which the liquid is pumped from the first pump chamber, the succeeding chamber being smaller than the first pump chamber; means for stopping the pumping action from the first to the succeeding pump chamber when the succeeding pump chamber becomes filled, the pumping action upon the first chamber' bcingeffected by the direct action of an actuating fluid upon the liquid and in the succeeding chamber' by direct action of' an actuating fluid upon a liquid, the actuating fluid being delivered through the first ch a m bei'.

Qt. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a first pump chamber; a connection for conveying actuating fluid to said chamber means for conducting liquid to said chamber; a succeeding pump chamber smaller than the first pump chamber; means for permitting the escape of actuating fluid from the first pump chamber to the succeeding pump chamber during the filling movependently oit the remaining liquid in the ch a mbcr.

.103. lu an apparatus tor actuating liquids, the con'ibination of a iirst pump chamber; a series or' pump chambers ot smaller capacity to which liquid is successively passed from the lirstpump chamber; means for delivering actuating fluid to the tirst pump chamber; and means for controlling the expule sion ot' liquid from the lirst pump chamber to take out measured charges less than the capacity of the succeeding pump chambers to carry the same through said succeeding pump chambers independently ot' the remaining liquid in the first chamber.

1041-. ln an apparatus .for actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary or storage chamber into which liquid is pumped from the primary chamber having greater capacity than the primary chamber; a measuring chamber through which liquid is pumped from the secondary chamber, the measuring chamber having` less capacity than the secondary chan'iber; and means for delivering actuating` fluid and controlling the expulsion ot' liquid trom said chambers to expel liquid from the primary to the storage chamber to stop the pumping action from the primary to the secondary chamber upon the filling ot the secondary chamber to talte out measured charges from the secondary chamber to the measuring chamber equal to the capacity ot the measuring chamber and to expel the same lrom the measuring chamber independent ot.' the liquid remaining` in the secondary chamber.

105. ln an apparatus tor actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump chau ber; a secondary or storage chamber into ivhich liquid is pumped from the primary chamber having greater capacity than the primary chamber; a measuring` chamber through which liquid is pumped from the secondary chamber, the measuring capacity having less capacity than the secondary chamber; and means for delivering actuating fluid to the primary, secondary and measuring chambers, and controlling the expulsion of liquid from said chambers to expel liquid from the primary to the storage chamber to stop the pumping action from the primary to the secondary chamber upon the lilling of the secondary chamber to take out measured charges from the secondary chamber to the measuring chamber equal to the capacity of the measuring chamber and to expel the same from the measuring chamber independentot the liquid remaining in the secondary chamber.

106. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination ot a primary chamber; a secondary chamber of greater capacity than the primary chamber; a measuring chamber of smaller capacity than the secondary chamaref/4e ber; liquid connections between said chambers; means oit escape from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber and from the secondary chamber to the measuring chamber; means for cutting orf said means of escape as said chambers become filled; and means for delivering actuating fluid escaping through said means of escape during the lilling movement t'or forcing an expulsion of liquid from said chambers When said means ot escape is cut oil?.

10T. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a primary pump chamber; a secondary or storage chamber into which liquid is pumped from the primary chamber having greater' capacity than the primary chamber; a measuring chamber to which liquid is pumped from the secondary chamber, the measuring chamber having less capacity than the secondary chamber; and means for delivering` actuating Huid and controlling the expulsion ot' liquid from said chambers to expel liquid from the primary to the storage chamber to stop the pumping` action trom the primary to the secondary chamber upon the filling of the secondary. chamber to take out measured charges vfrom the secondary chamber to the measuring chamber equal to the capacity of the measuring chamber and to expel the same from the measuring chamber independent of the liquid remaining in the secondary chamber; and a series of chambers approximating the size ot' the measuring chamber through which the liquid from the measuring chamber is expelled successivelv.

108. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination ot' a primary pump chamber; a secondary or storage chamber into which liquid is pumped from the primary chamber having greater cap a city than the primary chamber; a measuring chamber through which liquid is pumped from the secondary chamber, the measuring chamber having less capacity than the secondary chamber; and means for delivering actuating fluid and controlling the expulsion of liquid from said chambers to expel liquid from the primary to the storage chamber to stop the pumping` action trom the primary to the secondary chamber upon the filling of the secondary chamber to take out measured charges from the secondary chamber to the measuring chamber equal to the capacity of the measuring chamber and to expel the same from the measuring chamber independent of the liquid remaining in the secondary chamber; a series of chambers approximating the size of the measuring chamber through Which the liquid from the measuring chamber is expelled successively through the action of the actuating tluid delivered to the primary chamber.

109. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids, the combination of a lirst pump chamber;

a succeeding chamber into which liquid i." pumped :trom the .first pump chamber, the succeeding chamber being sn'ialler than the first pump chamber; an overflow comiection between said chambers; means l'or conveying actljiating fluid to the first ot said cham bers for expelling liquid therefrom; and means for stopping the pumping action ol the irst pump chamber upon the lilling ot the succeeding chamber.

110. In an apparatus 'for actuating liquids7 -the combination or a .first pump chamber;

a succeeding chamber into which liquid is pumped from the first pump chamber, the succeeding chamber being smaller than the .first pump chamber; an overflow connection between said chambers, said overflow connection between said chambers forming a connection lor actuating' fluids t'or the succeeding pump chan'iber; means -l'or conveying actuating lluid to the first et said chambers ttor expelling liquid therefrom; and means for stopping the pumping action olf the first pump chamber upon the filling of the si'icceediug chamber.

11.1. ln an apparatus loractuatingliquids, the combination ol. two chambers; a liquid connection'between said chambers through which liquid is forced by a itollowing action of actuating fluid; a second connection be tween said chambers; means ilor closing said second connection during the expulsion oit liquid from the first of. said chambers and for opening said second coi'mection during the expulsion ot' liquid lrom the second ot said chambers.

112. In an apparatus foractuatingliquids, the combination oit the chamber 1; the chamber K; the liquid connection J between said chambers through which liquid is forced by a following action of the .liquid through the lift; and the secondary connection J through which actuating lluid passes to expel liquid from the chamber' K.

113. ln an apparatus for actuating liquids; the combination oit' a series ot pump chant bers; means for connectiiig said chambers with a source ol actuating Vfluid supply; liquid connections between said chambers through which liquid is forced by a lollow ing action oit actiiating fluid while in direct connection with a fluid supply; means .'li'or cutting ofi' the supply alter the liquid has passed the second chamber, the remaining liquid being expelled through the expansion o'l' actuating' fluid .in the apparatus.

114. In an apparatus for actuatingliquids7 the combination oi" a series of pump chambers through which liquid is passed in stages by a following actionol the actuating lluid with the liquid; the chamber M to which the liquid is delivered 'from said series; valves for controlling the llow ol" actuating` fluid; motors controlling said valves; the connection D14 for connecting said motors 1 with the chamber M, said motors being arranged to close said valves and cut oll` the l supply controlled by said valves as the chamber M becomes filled.

I 11.5. In an apparatus for actuating liql uids, the combination of a primary pump l chamber; a storage chamber into which liquid is pumped from the primary chamber, l the storage chamber having greater capacity than the primary chamber; a measuring chamber into which liquid is pumped from the storage chamber; a series of pump chambers from which liquid is forced from the measuring chamber, said series ot cham bers being oit a size approximating the size of the measuring chamber; a linal` chamber through which the liquid is lorced; means for delivering actuating fluid to t-he primary chamber; and means for controlling said actuating fluid and expulsion ol' liquid to discharge liquid from the primary chainber as it is lilled to the secondary chamber to discharge measured charges equal to the capacity o1" the measuring chamber from the secoiulary chamber as it is lilled and to carry the measured charges :trom the measuring chamber through the series of chambers to the liual chamber; and mechanism for cutting ofl' the supply oit actuating fluid as the liquid fills the final chamber, said mechanism being arranged to maintain pressure on the linal chamber to expel the same by expansion.

11o. 1n an apparatus lor actuating liqnids, the combination oit a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber into which liquid is pumped; a measuring chamber into which liquid is pumped from the secondary chamber; a series of chambers through which liquid is pumped from the measuring chamber, the lift from the secondary to the measuring chamber and from the measuring chamber to the series of chambers being greater than the lil't between the primary and stazondary chambers; means for conveying actuating lluid continuously to the primary chamber .in simili volume; mechanism :tor adding to the supply of actuating fluid to the primary chamber incident to the pressure ol' the column in the litt between the primary and secondary chan'iber; and mechanism for adding a fui ther supply incident to the pressure for raising the liquid from the secondary to said ilurther supply during the expulsion o'l the liquid through the series ot chambers.

1117. In an apparatus 'for actuating liquids; the combination ol a primary pump chamber; a secondary pump chamber into which liquid is pumped; a n'ieasuring chamber into which liquid is pumped .trom the secondary chamber; a series ot chambers through which liquid is pumped from the i measuring chamber7 the liifit from the secthe measlu'ing chaniber and maintaining 

